The conflict between
Israel and the Palestinians is complex and yet its solution can be boiled down to one word - compromise. Throughout the history of negotiations, first
Zionists and later Israelis have accepted this reality and repeatedly made and offered compromises, but the conflict has persisted because the Palestinians have never been willing to do the same. In fact, if you look at their negotiating position today, it is as recalcitrant as it was nearly a century ago.
Israeli Position
Since the early 20th century, it has been clear that the only way to satisfy the competing demands of Jews and Arabs in
Israel/Palestine was to divide the land. For more than 70 years, since Britain's
Lord Peel first proposed partitioning Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state, the Jews have accepted a two-state solution to the conflict.
Palestinian Position
To this day, the Palestinians do not accept the legitimacy of a Jewish state in what they consider Palestine.
Israeli Position
When the
United Nations voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, the
Zionists accepted a compromise that left them with a national home in less than 20 percent of the area originally promised to them by the British.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians rejected the offer of an Arab state and joined with
Israel's neighbors in a
war to exterminate the Jews. They lost. One consequence of their decision was that hundreds of thousands of Palestinians became refugees.
Israeli Position
After
1948,
Israel offered to allow as many as 100,000 Palestinians to return in exchange for a peace agreement with the Arab states.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians and Arab leaders rejected any offer that implied the recognition of
Israel. Palestinian refugees were confined by their Arab brothers to refugee camps and prevented from becoming citizens (except in
Jordan, which recently decided to strip them of their citizenship).
Jordan and
Egypt occupied territory now claimed by the Palestinians, but the Palestinians never demanded an end to the occupation or independence. Palestinians formed
terror groups that have engaged in a violent campaign against Israelis and Jews around the world to the present day.
Israeli Position
After a series of provocations and an act of war (
Egypt's blockade of Israeli shipping in the
Gulf of Aqaba),
Israel attacked
Egypt,
Syria and
Jordan (after
King Hussein ignored
warnings to stay out of the fighting and shelled
Jerusalem) and captured the
West Bank and
Gaza Strip. It immediately offered to return most of the territory in exchange for peace.
Palestinian Position
The Arabs responded to
Israel's peace overture with
three noes: "no peace with
Israel, no negotiations with
Israel, no recognition of
Israel."
Israeli Position
In 1979,
Israel signed a peace treaty with
Egypt, dismantled
settlements and other Israeli installations in the
Sinai and returned the territory to the Egyptians. The Palestinians were offered autonomy, a formula for limited self-determination in the short-run that inevitably would have led to statehood.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians rejected the autonomy proposal and refused to participate in negotiations.
Israeli Position
In 1993 and 1995,
Israel and the
PLO signed the
Oslo accords with the aim of creating a Palestinian state within five years.
Israel agreed to gradually withdraw from most of the
West Bank and
Gaza Strip in exchange for peace.
Israel withdrew from approximately 80 percent of
Gaza and 40 percent of the
West Bank and turned over most civil authority to the Palestinian Authority.
Palestinian Position
Terrorism continued unabated and escalated by the mid-90s.
Israeli Position
Israel agreed in 1998 to withdraw from another 13 percent of the
West Bank in return for a Palestinian promise to outlaw and combat
terrorist organizations, prohibit illegal weapons, stop weapon smuggling, and prevent incitement of violence and
terrorism.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians once again failed to fulfill their promise to end
terror and sabotaged the plan for additional Israeli redeployments.
Israeli Position
In 2000, Israeli Prime Minister
Ehud Barak offered to withdraw from 97 percent of the
West Bank and 100 percent of the
Gaza Strip. In addition, he agreed to dismantle 63 isolated
settlements. In exchange for the 3 percent annexation of the
West Bank,
Israel would increase the size of the
Gaza territory by roughly a third.
Barak also made previously unthinkable concessions on
Jerusalem, agreeing that Arab neighborhoods of
East Jerusalem would become the capital of the new state. The Palestinians would maintain control over their holy places and have "religious sovereignty" over the
Temple Mount. The proposal also guaranteed
Palestinian refugees the right of return to the Palestinian state and reparations from a $30 billion international fund that would be collected to compensate them.
Palestinian Position
Yasser Arafat rejected the proposal without even making a counter offer.
Arafat, according to chief U.S. negotiator
Dennis Ross, was not willing to end the conflict with
Israel. The Palestinians subsequently instigated a five-year war of
terror that claimed more than 1,000 Israeli lives.
Israeli Position
In 2005,
Israel decided to evacuate every soldier and citizen from the
Gaza Strip. This painful
disengagement uprooted 9,000 Israelis from their homes. At the request of the Palestinians,
Israel razed all the
settlements to make room for what the Palestinians said would be high-rise apartments for refugees living in camps. American Jews bought greenhouses from the Israelis and gave them to the Palestinians so they would have a ready-made multimillion dollar export economy and businesses that could employ hundreds of Palestinian workers. By ending the "occupation" and removing the
settlements,
Israel was testing the oft-expressed view that these were the obstacles to peace. The expectation in
Israel was that the Palestinians would take the opportunity to build the infrastructure of a state and, since they no longer had any justification for "resistance," they would have the chance to show they could coexist beside
Israel and set the stage for future compromises on the
West Bank.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians objected to the
disengagement and refused to cooperate with the Israeli plan to withdraw. Since the evacuation, the Palestinians have not laid a single brick in the former
settlements to build housing for refugees. The greenhouses were vandalized and the chance for taking over Israeli exports was lost. The few greenhouses that remained intact were converted to Hamas terrorist training camps. Instead of building the infrastructure for a state, the Palestinians had a civil war that led to the takeover of
Gaza by Hamas. Instead of getting peace in exchange for territory,
Israel was bombarded over the next three years with 10,000 rockets and mortars.
Israeli Position
Despite what virtually all Israelis viewed as the failure of the
disengagement experiment, Prime Minister
Ehud Olmert restarted negotiations with the Palestinians and offered to withdraw from approximately 94 percent of the
West Bank, with 4.5 percent of the remainder to be received in a swap for land now in
Israel. Another 1.5 percent of the territory would be used for passages to a Mediterranean port and
Gaza.
Olmert reportedly proposed a form of international (Arab states plus
Israel and Palestine) control of the Holy Basin (the
Old City) and a joint committee to administer
East Jerusalem until permanent arrangements were settled.
Palestinian Position
Abbas rejected the deal. Palestinian chief negotiator
Saeb Erekat said later, "First [the Israelis] said we would [only have the right to] run our own schools and hospitals. Then they consented to give us 66% [of the occupied territories]. At Camp David they offered 90% [actually 97%] and [recently] they offered 100%. So why should we hurry, after all the injustice we have suffered?" Echoing the
three noes of 1967, Palestinians declared at the
Fatah conference in
Bethlehem in August 2009: no negotiations with
Israel, no recognition of
Israel as a Jewish state and no end to the armed struggle against
Israel.
Israeli Position
Israel has offered compromises on all the final status issues:
Borders -
UN Security Council Resolution 242 called for
Israel to withdraw from territory - not all territory - it captured in
1967 in exchange for secure and defensible borders and peace.
Israel has already withdrawn from 94 percent of the territory it captured in
1967. It has given up 100 percent of the
Gaza Strip and nearly half the
West Bank. As noted above, as recently as 2008,
Israel offered to withdraw from 94 percent of the remaining territory in the
West Bank.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians insist that
Israel withdraw to the 1967 border.
Israeli Position
Refugees -
Israel has allowed roughly 200,000 Palestinians into
Israel since Oslo and has agreed to take in an additional number on a humanitarian basis.
Israel also supports the return of refugees to an eventual Palestinian state and the payment of compensation to the refugees from an international fund.
Israel also expects that the Jews forced to flee from Arab countries be compensated.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians demand the right of all refugees to live in Palestine, including what is now the
State of Israel. They do not acknowledge the claims of
Jewish refugees.
Israeli Position
Settlements -
Israel has already dismantled all the
settlements it built in the Sinai and in
Gaza. It has also dismantled four
settlements in Samaria.
Israel has in the past offered to dismantle most
settlements in the
West Bank and has, at various times, frozen settlement construction in the course of peace negotiations in the hope of reaching a final agreement.
Prime Minister Netanyahu has also offered a temporary settlement freeze.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians demand that all
settlements be dismantled from the
West Bank and
Jerusalem. While they maintain that Arabs have the right to live in
Israel, they deny the right of Jews to live in Judea and Samaria.
Israeli Position
Jerusalem -
Israel maintains that
Jerusalem is its eternal capital and has resisted Palestinian demands that the city be divided. Still,
Barak offered to allow the Palestinians to establish their capital in
Eastern Jerusalem and offered a compromise over control of the
Temple Mount. Olmert also offered to compromise on
Jerusalem.
Palestinian Position
The Palestinians have rejected all Israeli compromises on
Jerusalem and insist that although there has never been an Arab capital in
Jerusalem, they should be allowed to establish one there.
Conclusion
Israel has a long history of compromising and continues to offer concessions in the interest of peace. The Palestinian's have an equally long history of refusing to compromise. As
President Obama seeks to restart
peace talks between
Israel and the Palestinians it is clear where the emphasis must be placed if he hopes to succeed in ending the conflict.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/talking/73_compromise.html